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Roman Republic
During the Roman Republic, a person could not be a Roman citizen unless both their parents were freeborn Romans.
The list of positions in the Roman Republic from lowest to highest start with slaves. The slaves were not citizens and pretty much had no rights. They were sold and bought as possessions and they worked on farms, in mines and whatever or wherever they had to.
The next people in the ladder of office were the ordinary people. The ordinary people were the poorer people that worked as farmers, soldiers and were townsfolk and they also made up the majority of the population. They were the poorer members of the plebeian class.
Above the ordinary people were the Tribunes. The Tribunes were the representatives of the plebeians and there were 10 of them. They were involved in business or tax collecting and were known as equestrians. They were the wealthier people in the plebeian group. The plebeians were the lower class out of the two groups the people got split into. The upper class were the patricians. The patricians were the rich landowners and nobles.
The lowest of the patricians on the ladder were the Quaestors. There were 20 of them and they gave financial assistance to generals and governors.
Above the Quaestors were the Aediles. There were 16 of them and they looked after particular matters of the government like public buildings, food supplies and public games.
Next up the ladder were the Praetors. There were 8 of them and they were judges that administered Roman law. They commanded armies and ran law courts.
Above the Praetors were the Consuls. There were only 2 of them and they were elected to rule Rome for a period of one year. They had the power to order death sentences and punishments by beating. They were also in charge of the army.
Then there is the Senate. The Senate was made up of about 300 wealthy men. A Senator can give advice to the Romans about what should happen but they could not pass law.
The list of positions in the Roman Republic from lowest to highest start with slaves. The slaves were not citizens and pretty much had no rights. They were sold and bought as possessions and they worked on farms, in mines and whatever or wherever they had to.
The next people in the ladder of office were the ordinary people. The ordinary people were the poorer people that worked as farmers, soldiers and were townsfolk and they also made up the majority of the population. They were the poorer members of the plebeian class.
Above the ordinary people were the Tribunes. The Tribunes were the representatives of the plebeians and there were 10 of them. They were involved in business or tax collecting and were known as equestrians. They were the wealthier people in the plebeian group. The plebeians were the lower class out of the two groups the people got split into. The upper class were the patricians. The patricians were the rich landowners and nobles.
The lowest of the patricians on the ladder were the Quaestors. There were 20 of them and they gave financial assistance to generals and governors.
Above the Quaestors were the Aediles. There were 16 of them and they looked after particular matters of the government like public buildings, food supplies and public games.
Next up the ladder were the Praetors. There were 8 of them and they were judges that administered Roman law. They commanded armies and ran law courts.
Above the Praetors were the Consuls. There were only 2 of them and they were elected to rule Rome for a period of one year. They had the power to order death sentences and punishments by beating. They were also in charge of the army.
Then there is the Senate. The Senate was made up of about 300 wealthy men. A Senator can give advice to the Romans about what should happen but they could not pass law.
Reference: Retro Active 1-Chapter 4-Source 4.3.1